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Sacheverell riots
The Sacheverell riots were a series of outbreaks of public disorder, which spread across England during the spring, summer and autumn of 1710 in which supporters of the Tories attacked Dissenters', particularly Presbyterians' homes and meeting-houses, whose congregations tended to support the Whigs. (Further violence, again targeting Presbyterian chapels, occurred in the Coronation riots of 1714 and the Rebellion riots of 1715.)〔Gilmour, Ian, ''Riot, risings and revolution; governance and violence in eighteenth century England'' (London, 1988).〕 The Sacheverell and Rebellion riots are regarded as the most serious instances of public disorder of the eighteenth century, until, perhaps, the anti-Catholic protests of 1780.
The riots reflected the dissatisfaction of many Anglicans to the toleration of an increasing number of Independent, Baptist, and Presbyterian chapels, which diminished the apparent authority of the Church of England; and were a reaction to perceived grievances against the Whig government, in regard to high taxation resulting from the War of the Spanish Succession, the recent sudden influx of some 10,000 Calvinist refugees from Germany,〔White-Spunner, Barney, ''Horse Guards'' (London, 2006).〕 and the growth of the merchant classes, the so-called "monied interest".〔
==Causes==
The riots were a response to the prosecution of Henry Sacheverell. Sacheverell was a High Church Tory Anglican who had preached two sermons that described what he saw as threats to the Church. The threat from Catholics was dealt with in three minutes; but the rest of the one-and-a-half hour sermon was an attack on Nonconformists and the "false brethren" who aided them in menacing Church and State. His target was the Whig party. His sermons brought to the fore the tensions that existed between Whig and Tory across the country at that time.〔(The Sacheverell riots ) Geoffrey Holmes, ''Past & Present'' No. 72 (Aug., 1976), pp. 55-85〕
Sacheverell was tried by the House of Lords at Whig instigation, accused of preaching against the Revolution of 1688. The House found that his sermons should be publicly burned and he should be banned from preaching for three years. This made him a martyr in the eyes of many Tory supporters and triggered the riots.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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